SST and History Notes XI- XII

DP (X)- LESSON-3

DEMOCRACY AND DIVERSITY

QUESTION ANSWERS

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NCERT EXERCISE

1. Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.

Answer. The three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions:

     1.    The outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate.

    2.    It depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community.

    3.    It depends on how the government reacts to the demands of different groups.

2. When does a social difference become a social division?

Answer. The social division takes place when some social difference overlaps with other differences. Situations of this kind produce social divisions when one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities. The differences that turn into social divisions are called overlapping differences.

                                                             DP (X)- LESSON-2

FEDERLISM

QUESTION ANSWERS

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NCERT EXERCISE

2. Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.

Answer.

1.       South Africa

2.       Pakistan

3.       Australia

1.    Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.

Answer. Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium –

1.  There is power-sharing between the union government and state government.

2.  Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium – India has no community government in practice, while Belgium has one.

2.     What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.

Answer.

5. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.

DEMO POLITICS (X)- LESSON-1

POWER SHARING

(NCERT QUESTION ANSWERS)

Q.1. What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Ans.
FORMS OF POWER SHARING

v Horizontal distribution of power

Ø Power is shared among different organs of government,  legislature, executive and judiciary

Ø It is called as the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. 

Ø Each organ checks the powers of other organs. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.

Ø This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

v  VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER SHARING

Ø Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level.

Ø In India there are three levels  of government as-

§  Central Level-Federal government or Central or Union Government.

§  Provincial or regional level –State Government

§  Local Level-Panchayats Or Municipalities

Ø The constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.

Ø This is also called federal division of power.