SST and History Notes XI- XII

GEOGRAPHY (VIII)-LESSON-3

MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day?

Answer: Salt, petroleum and gold are the common minerals that are used by humans on a regular basis.

(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?

Answer: Ores are the rocks which are mined to extract minerals from them. Minerals occur in different types of rocks. Some are found in igneous rocks, some in metamorphic rocks, while others occur in sedimentary rocks. The ores of metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus.

(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources?

Answer: The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas. Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. It is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.

GEOGRAPHY (VIII)-LESSON-2

LAND, SOIL, WATER, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

Question 1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
(iv) Name any two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.

Answer.
(i) Temperature and rainfall are two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation. Rainfall contributes in breaking the rocks by applying pressure. Temperature fluctuations between hot and cold also form cracks in the rocks.

(ii) Reasons for land degradation are:

1.    Ever-growing demand of the growing population

2.    Destruction of forest‘cover

 

GEOGRAPHY (VIII)-LESSON-5

INDUSTRIES

LESSON NOTES

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v INTRODUCTION:

Ø Most of the things which we used in our daily life are formed in the industries by a process of manufacturing. It increases the utility and value of the raw materials. For example, cotton change into clothes, ore changes into metal, wood changed into furniture etc. All the manufacturing is the part of secondary activities.

 

GEOGRAPHY(VIII)-LESSON-4

AGRICULTURE

(LESSON NOTES)

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v ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Ø Activities which are related to earning livelihood are called economic activities. There are three types of economic activities:

§  PRIMARY ACTIVITIES- The activities that are related directly to the extraction and production of natural resources, is a primary activity. Agriculture, fishing and gathering are examples of primary activities.

§  SECONDARY ACTIVITIES-The activities which increased the value of primary products by manufacturing process are called as secondary activities. All industries come in the secondary sectors.

GEOGRAPHY-(VIII) LESSON-3

MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

LESSON NOTES

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v INTRODUCTION-

Ø In this lesson we will read about minerals and power resources and its classification. We also focus on some important minerals that are found in the world and India. We also try to know about the importance of these minerals and power resources. This lesson also deals with the need and steps of conservation of minerals and power resources.

v MINARALS

Ø A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is known as minerals. These are found in rocks.

Ø Rocks-A natural substance composed of solid crystals of different minerals is known as minerals.

Ø Ores- Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.

Ø These are found in certain areas only and not everywhere.

Ø Minerals are formed only by natural processes.

v CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS

Ø Minerals can be identified on the basis of their physical properties like color, density, hardness and chemical properties.

Ø On the basis of composition minerals are mainly classified as Metallic and non metallic minerals.