SST and History Notes XI- XII

                                                         SPL (VI)- LESSON-4

KEY ELEMENTS OF A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

1. How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?

Ans: Maya’s life would be different in South Africa today in the following manner:

     1.    She can use roads, buses, and railway trains as others do without any discrimination.

     2.    She can attend hotels and restaurants.

     3 .    She can use hospitals and ambulances as others do.

      4.    She can walk in the parks freely.

       5.    She has no fear of police.

2.What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?

Ans: People participate in the process of government through the following various ways:

      1.    By taking interest in the working of the government.

      2.    By criticising the government on various unpopular issues.

       3.    By taking out rallies.

     4  .    By holding signature campaigns.

      5.    By opposing various unpopular resolutions, bills, and issues in state legislatures and parliament through their representatives.

3. Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Ans:  We need the government to find solutions to many disputes and conflicts because of the following:

     1.    Disputes and conflicts block the way to progress.

      2.    They often turn violent and cause damage to the property and life of the people.

     3.    Government has to compensate people who are killed, wounded or whose properties are destroyed in violent incidents.

     4.    Crores of rupees are spent on committees and commissions.

      The attention of the government is diverted towards welfare measures.

SPL (VI)- LESSON-3

WHAT IS GOVERNMENT

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

Look at the statements in the column on the left.

1.     Can you identify which level they belong to (Local/State/Central)?

2.    The decision of the Government of India to maintain peaceful relations with Russia.

3.    The decision of the Government of West Bengal in whether to have a Board exam in Class 8 for all government schools.

4.    Introduction of two new trains between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari.

5.    The decision to locate a common well in a particular area of the village.

6.    The decision to construct a big children’s park in Patna.

7.    The decision of the Government of Haryana to provide free electricity for all farmers.

8.    Introduction of new 1000 rupee note.

Answer:

       1.    The decision of the Government of India to maintain peaceful relations with Russia – Central

        2.    The decision of the Government of West Bengal in whether to have a Board exam in Class 8 for all government schools – State

       3.    Introduction of two new trains between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari- Central

        4.    The decision to locate a common well in a particular area of the village- Local

       5.    The decision to construct a big children’s park in Patna – Local

        6.    The decision of the Government of Haryana to provide free electricity for all farmers – State

         7.    Introduction of new 1000 rupee note – Central

Questions

1.What do you understand by the word ‘government’? List 5 ways in which you think Government affects your daily life.

Answer: Government is the system of governing a state or community. The system of social control, the right to make laws under it, and the right to enforce them are given to a certain group of society.

1.   The decision on where to build roads and other infrastructure.

2.   The decision on various social welfare programmes

3.   The decision on important goods and commodities like petrol and onion

4.   Protect the boundaries and maintain friendly relations with other countries

5.   Ensuring that there are good health facilities.

SPL (VI)- LESSON-2

DIVERSITY AND DISCRIMINATION

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

1.Match the following statements in a way that challenges stereotypes:`

Ans:  (a).3.Remark. Many people have formed a stereotype that people living in cities or having influential jobs like surgeon are busy and do not give time to their family. But this example proves that feelings for the family are universal and the surgeon wanted to talk to her daughter.

(b).4.Remark. This challenges the stereotype that crippled children are good for nothing. But the truth is that they have only one, or probably two defective organs, but they can still use their mind and talent and win prizes like this boy. .
(c).1.Remark. This challenges the stereotype that chronic asthma patients can not run fast or take part in sports.
(d).(2)Remark. This challenges the stereotype that only influential and high- class people can dream big. Even poor people can dream big and prove themselves.

SPL (VI)-LESSON-1

UNDERSATNDING DIVERSITY

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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(NCERT EXERCISE)

1. Draw up a list of the different festivals celebrated in your locality. Which of these celebrations are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?

Answer: Some of the festivals celebrated are Onam, Diwali, Holi, Krishna Janmasthami , rakshabandhan, Baisakhi, Durga pooja and Christmas. People across religious lines celebrate festivals like Onam, Holi, Christmas.

2. What do you think living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to your life?

Answer: The rich heritage of diversity add to our life like

1.    We learn different languages from our friends.

2.    We enrich our lives by getting to know the different cultural traditions.

3.    We learn from the different religious rituals that are observed by our friends and neighbours.

CLASS-VI(SPL)-LESSON-5

PANCHAYATI RAJ

v INTRODUCTION

  Ø As you know that there are three level of Government.

§  Central Level- Union Government

§  State Level- State Government

§  Local Level- Local government

v PANCHAYATI RAJ

  Ø Local government also in two different areas- rural areas and Urban areas.

§  Rural Local Government is known as Panchayati raj in our country.

§  Urban local government is known as Municipalities.

  Ø In this lesson we will come to know about the structure of Panchyati raj, its function, its work, source of income, its role etc. These come to know through a description of a meeting held in a village Hathras.

v GRAM SABHA:

  Ø A body of all persons who are eligible to put vote are called as gram sabha. Their names are registered in the electoral rolls (voting list).

 

CIVICS (VI)- LESSON-4

KEY ELEMENTS OF A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

 (LESSON NOTES)

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v INTRODUCTION

Ø In this chapter we will read about some of the key elements that influence the working of a democratic government. These include people's participation, the resolution of conflict and equality and justice. First we will look the Government in South Africa through a description of Maya Naidoo and her mother.

Ø In South Africa, we can find people of several races — black native people, whites, coloured and Indians.

Ø The country was governed by apartheid laws. These Laws prevented them from getting mixed with each other.

v APARTHEID LAWS

Ø The laws which separated the people on the basis of race or colour of their skin are known as apartheid laws.

CIVICS(VI) CHAPTER 3

WHAT IS GOVERNMENT

v INTRODUCTION

    ØIn our daily life, in News papers, on TV, radio, etc, we hear the word Government many times.

         ØIn this lesson we will learn about what is government and its role in our         lives.

    ØHow do they decide what to do?

    ØWhat is the difference between different types of governments.

v GOVERNMENT: 

Ø      The system or machinery present in each country in order to make decisions     for the proper running of the country is called government. Each country         needs a government to make important decisions and function well.

v FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

Ø The government also takes care of international boundaries and relations with other countries.

Ø It is responsible for the transport facilities and health facilities for citizen.

Ø The government makes laws for the protection of people.

Ø During the natural calamities or disaster the government organizes aid and assistance for the affected people.

Ø Government also solves the disputes and punishes the criminal through courts.

v LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT:

Ø The government works at different levels: National, State and Local level.

Ø National Level: It refers to the area of the government which is concerned with national issues such as taxation, defence, international relations and trade.

Ø State Level: Each of the State Governments has its own police force, education system and road laws.

Ø Local Level: The local governments are known as Panchayats in rural areas and Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Nagar Panchayats in urban areas.

v LAWS AND THE GOVERNMENT: 

Ø Laws: The rules laid down by the government for the proper functioning of the country are called laws.

Ø It is the responsibility of both the government and citizens to follow the law.

Ø Laws need to be enforced for proper function of the government.

v TYPES OF GOVERNMENT:

Governments can be classified into several types. Some of the most common types of governments are a democracy, monarchy, etc.

Ø DEMOCRACY

Ø A system of government in which the people (citizens) of the country choose their leaders to rule is called democracy.

Ø The word ‘democracy’ originates from the Greek words ‘demos’ and ‘krotos’, meaning “rule of the people.”

Ø MONARCHY: 

Ø A system of government which is run by a king/queen on a hereditary basis is known as monarchy.

Ø Sometimes, a king is called an “emperor”.

v FEATURES OF DEMOCRACY

Ø In a democracy people participated in election.

Ø Elections are held regularly after a specific period (5 year).

Ø In a democracy people rule themselves by participating in the making of these rules.

Ø Presently mostly democratic governments referred as representative democracies which means-

§  Representative Democracy: The types of democracy in which the citizens do not participate directly instead, choose their representatives through an election process. These representatives meet and make decision for all people.

v WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE: 

Ø A Movement started in the early 20th century vigorously for many years, demanding equality with men and the right to vote was known as suffrage movement.

v UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE: 

Ø When the constitution granted the voting rights to all adults without any discrimination that is known as universal adult franchises.

Ø There are instances in history when governments did not allow women, the poor people and the uneducated to vote.

Ø But when India got independence, the universal adult franchise was enforced.

Ø In India , people who have completed 18 years have the voting rights.

v TERMS-

Ø Elections: The process in which citizens of a democratic country cast their votes for the leaders of their choice is called the election.

Ø Universal Adult Franchise: The rule that allows all adults in the country, irrespective of caste, creed, gender, literacy, occupation, etc., to vote and take part in the elections, is the universal adult franchise.

Ø Young India – Journal OF Mahatma Gandhi.

Ø A mark with blue ink is put on left Index finger to make sure that a person casts only one vote.