SST and History Notes XI- XII

HISTORY(VI)-LESSON-6

NEW QUESTION AND IDEAS

(LESSON NOTES)

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v INTRODUCTION

  Ø In this lesson we will discuss about the new question and ideas which developed in the ancient time. These ideas introduce new religions.

v THE STORY OF BUDDHA

  Ø Gautam Buddha, founder of Buddhism, was born about 2500 years ago, at Lumbini (Nepal). His earlier name was Siddhartha.    

  Ø The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as the Sakya gana.

  Ø He left home in search of knowledge.

  Ø He meditated for days on end under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya (Bihar) in Bihar, where he attained enlightenment. After that, he was known as the Buddha or the Wise One.

  Ø He then went to Sarnath (UP) near Varanasi, where he taught for the first time.

  Ø After that he travelled place to place to teach people.

  Ø He passed away at Kusinara (UP)

 HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-4

WHAT BOOKS AND BURIALS TELL US

(QUESTION ANSWER)

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NCERT QUESTION

1. Match the columns

Solution 1: (i)-c, (ii)-d, (iii)-b, (iv)-e, (v)-a

2. Complete the sentences

(a) Slaves were used for work

(b) Megaliths are found in South India, Kashmir, North East

(c) Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to point out the exact place of burial

(d) Port-holes were used for burying other members of the same family at the same place

(e) People at Inamgaon ate peas, pulses, rice, barley, sesame 

Let’s Discuss

3. In what ways are the books we read today different from the Rigveda?

Answer : The books we use today are written and printed. Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. It was written down several centuries after it was first composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

4. What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried?

Answer : Archaeologists found that in some burials, skeletons found were buried with pots. The number of pots buried was more if the person had higher social status. In some burial gold and silver jewellery also found.

5. In what ways do you think that the life of a raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi?

Answer: Raja had the highest social status, whereas dasa or dasi had the lowest social status. Raja lived in palaces while slaves lived in huts. Kings were rich while slave were poor. Slaves were captured from wars.

HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-3

IN THE EARLIEST CITIES

(QUESTION ANSWER)

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NCERT QUESTION

1. How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilization?

Answer: Actual pieces of cloth were found attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper objects at Mohenjodaro. Archaeologists have also found spindle whorls, made of terracotta and faience. These were used to spin thread.

2. Match the column s

Answ             anser :- 1-III, 2-IV, 3-II, 4-I

3. Why were metals, writing, the wheel and the plough important for the Harappans?

Answer: Metals – used for making tools, ornaments, vessels, weapons

Writing – for communication purposes

Wheel – for pottery and for making carts used for travelling

Plough – used for farming purposes

HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-2

FROM HUNTING–GATHERING TO GROWING FOOD

(QUESTION ANSWER)

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                                                NCERT QUESTION

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES:

     1.   Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because………………

      2.    Grasslands developed around……….. years ago.

Answer:

1.    they wanted to protect themselves from wild animals and bad weather.

2.    12,000

          2. Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?

    Answer: People who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time to look after plants-protecting them from birds, animals and their other fellows so that they could grow and crops or seeds could-ripen safely.

HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-1

WHAT, WHERE, HOW AND WHEN

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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NCERT EXERCISE QUESTION ANSWERS

1. Match the following:
(i)  Narmada Valley                                        (a) The first big kingdom

(ii) Magadha                                                   (b) Hunting and gathering

(iii) Garo hills                                                 (c) Cities about 2500 years ago

(iv) Indus and its tributaries                          (d) Early agriculture

(v) Ganga Valley                                             (e)   The first cities

Ans- (i)-b , (ii)- a , (iii)- d  , (iv)- e   , (v)- c

 

HISTORY(VI)-LESSON-5

KINGDOMS, KINGS AND AN EARLY REPUBLIC

(LESSON NOTES)

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v INTRODUCTION

Ø As you know that election or voting are common to choose our leader or rulers now a days. But do you know that how the rulers are elected in ancient time. In this lesson we will try to know about early kingdoms and the society.

v EARLY SOCIETY

Ø After Rigveda many others books were written by priest which were known as later Vedic. These books described how rituals were to be

performed. They also contained rules about society.

Ø There were many different groups in society as priests, warriors, farmers, herders, traders, crafts persons, labourers, fishing, folk, and forest people etc.

HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-4

WHAT BOOKS AND BURIALS TELL US

(LESSON NOTES)

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v VEDAS:

Ø  A large body of religious texts originating in ancient India are known as Vedas. These were composed in Vedic Sanskrit. These passed on to other generations by memorizing and not writing. The Vedas were written down much later. There are four Vedas:

Ø Rigveda

Ø Samaveda

Ø Yajurveda

Ø Atharvaveda

v RIGVEDA

Ø The oldest Vedas is the Rigveda which was composed about 3500 years ago. It contains over a thousand hymns (“Suktas”) or well said.

Ø The hymns were composed by male and female rishis or sages. The composers of hymns called themselves ‘Aryas’,

Ø These hymns were written in praise of various gods and goddesses. Three gods are especially important-

§  Agni-the god of fire

§  Indra-a warrior god.

§  Soma-a plant from which a special drink was prepared

HISTORY (VI) LESSON- 3

IN THE EARLIEST CITIES

(LESSON NOTES)

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v INTRODUCTION

Ø As you know that monuments are very important sources to know about the past. So we should have conserved the historical buildings. This lesson tells not only about the ancient buildings but the earliest cities. These were established nearly 4700 years ago in this subcontinent but we come to know about them only after 1921, when the archaeologists excavated this region. This was declared one of the earliest civilizations.

v HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

Ø In 1850’s the European had taken the bricks from a mound to lay down the railway tracks. They don’t bother that how these bricks come here.

Ø Later in 1921, there were large excavations took place in Sindh and Punjab in present-day Pakistan rediscovered these cities.

Ø These cities flourished since 3300 BC

Ø Initially these cities found along the bank of Indus Valley. But later on many cities found far from this river. So these cities known as the Harappan cities, on the name of first city which was rediscover.

v FEATURES OF HARAPPAN CITIES

v THE LAYOUT OF THE CITIES:

Ø The Harappan cities were divided into two parts: the citadel and the lower town.

Ø The area of citadel was small but located at a higher level and had special buildings.