SST and History Notes XI- XII

SPL (VII)-LESSON-6

• UNDERSTANDING MEDIA

  (LESSON NOTES)

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  v MEDIA: -

  Ø Media is the plural form of the word ‘medium’ and it describes the various ways through which we communicate in society.

  Ø It refers to all means of communication, from a phone call to the evening news on TV can be called media. TV, radio, and newspapers are forms of media.

  v CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIA

  Ø Print Media: -Newspaper, slogan, Magazine, Books Etc.

  Ø Electronic media: Tv, Radia, Computer, Internet, Etc.

  
  
  

  Ø Personal media: Mobile, Books, Etc.

                                                     SPL (VII)- LESSON- 4

GROWING UP AS BOYS AND GIRLS

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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NCERT EXERCISE

1. Are the statements given alongside true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example –

(a) All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play

(b) Our society does not make a distinction between boys and girls when they are growing up.

(c) Women who stay at home do not work

(d) The work that women do is less valued than that of men

Answer (a) True. More importance is given to the work done by boys instead of the ones done by girls.

(b) False. Right from the outset of their growing phase, our society makes it a point to distinguish between boys and girls. From an early age, boys are taught to be tough and serious while girls are taught to be coy and soft. Toys like guns and cars are given for boys to play, while girls will be given dolls.

(c)False. A woman who stays at home does housework. A lot of it. They wash clothes, sweep, clean, cook food and pretty much keep the entire house in order.

(d) True. Despite the fact that women do a lot of work, their work goes undervalued. Part of the reason why is that because there is no monetary value attached to it, there is social conditioning that household work comes naturally to women and that it is expected of them.

                                                         SPL (VII)- LESSON- 3

HOW THE STATE GOVERNMENT WORKS

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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NCERT EXERCISE

1. Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?

Answer: Constituency refers as the area from where one representative is elected through Universal Adult Franchise. He is called as MLA. He will represent that constituency at state level in Vidhansabha. In Haryana there are 90 constituency. The number of constituency is depended on the population of the state.

2. How did some MLAs become Ministers? Explain

Answer: The party, which gets the majority votes in the general elections, forms the government. As per constitutional norms, the ruling party elects its leader as the Chief Minister of the respective state. Upon the election of a Chief Minister, he/she constitutes a cabinet with members of his/her party included. This is done in consultation with the Governor of the state. Once the MLAs are ordained as ministers through the formation of the cabinet, they are allotted portfolios such as health, law, education, etc. Thus, they become responsible for the portfolio allotted to him/her.

3. Why should the decisions taken by the Chief Ministers and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?

Answer: Every decision taken by the Chief Minister and his/her cabinet, must be debated upon the Legislative Assembly to ensure that the decision being taken is in the best interest of the common people at large. Also, discussed is the level of priority the said decision must be given, the subsequent cost of implementing it and whether, such a decision will earn the objections of any particular community.

SPL (VII)- LESSON- 2

ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN HEALTH

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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NCERT EXERCISE

1. In this chapter you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
An important part of the Constitution says it is the “duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. ”
Answer: Living Standard

1.   The level of living at which they live.

2.   It is a low level if the basic needs are barely satisfied.

3.   If one leads a comfortable life, the living standard is said to be of a higher level.

Public Health

1.   Public health means the health of the general public or people. It refers as the free from illness and injury.

2.   The constitution ensures equal access to health to all without any discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, sex, religion, etc.

2. What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer: The government can take steps to provide healthcare for all by:

1.    Increasing the number of hospitals, healthcare centers, and family welfare centers.

2.    Organizing free camps for the check-up of the general public.

3.    Organizing Pulse Polio campaigns.

4.    Spreading health awareness among common people through different means. Workshops, seminars, and training camps can also prove to be effective ways.

SPL (VII)- LESSON- 1

ON EQUALITY

(QUESTION ANSWERS)

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1. In a democracy why is Universal Adult Franchise important?
Answer: In a democracy, the Universal Adult Franchise is important because of the following reasons:

·       Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

·       Every adult irrespective of caste, creed, religion, region, sex, the rich or poor background is allowed to vote. This is called a universal adult franchise.

·       The concept of the universal adult franchise is based on equality.

·       In a democracy every citizen is equal.

2. Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality?
Answer: This Article addresses inequality in terms of access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment, or [b] the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of state funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.

 

SPL(VII) -LESSON-5

WOMEN CHANGE THE WORLD

(LESSON NOTES)

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v INTRODUCTION

Ø As you know that there are so much inequalities faced by women since earlier time. In this male-dominated society, they fail to avail equal privileges and opportunities. No, doubt, their position and status have been improved with the change of time, still, they lag behind in almost every field.

Ø In this chapter we will see that how some women break the stereotypes and come forward.

SPL (VII)-LESSON-4

GROWING UP AS BOYS AND GIRLS

(LESSON NOTES)

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CIVICS (VII)-LESSON- 3

HOW THE STATE GOVERNMENT WORKS

LESSON NOTES

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v INTRODUCTION

Ø As you know that there are three levels of Government -National, State and Local. In this chapter, we examine the work of the government at the state level. How does this take place in a democracy? What is the role of a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and Ministers? How do people express their views or demand action from government? We look at these questions through the example of health.

v DESCRIPTION OF THE STORY

Ø There is water shortage in many villages of Patalpuram district. Many children died due to unclean water or water borne disease as diarrhoea. This news spread through newspapers, TV Channels etc. People gathered and organized a rally and gheraoed the MLA’s residence. The opposition party leader was also with them.

v STATE GOVERNMENT

Ø The second level of government which includes Governors, MLAs (Member of Legislative Assemblies) and Ministers is known as State government.

Ø The election of legislative assemblies is held in every five years in which people elect their representative from different constituencies which are known as MLAs.

v CONSTITUENCY:

Ø A particular area from which all the voters living there choose their representatives is known as constituency. The number of constituencies depends on the population of the state. Every state has different number of constituencies. Like Rajasthan-200, Haryana-90, UP-403, Delhi-70 etc.

SEE THE NUMBER OF CONSTITUENCIES IN YOUR STATE